Critical velocity of a clean one-dimensional superconductor
نویسندگان
چکیده
We revisit the problem of critical velocity of a clean one-dimensional superconductor. At the level of mean-field theory, we find that the zero-temperature value of the critical velocity—the uniform velocity of the superfluid condensate at which the superconducting state becomes unstable—is a factor of 2 smaller than the Landau critical velocity. This is in contrast to a prior finding, which held that the critical velocity is equal to the Landau critical velocity. The smaller value of the critical velocity, which our analysis yields, is the result of a pre-emptive Clogston-Chandrasekhar-type discontinuous phase transition, and is an analog of the threshold value of the uniform exchange field of a superconductor previously investigated by Sarma J. Phys. Chem. Solids 24, 1029 1963 and by Maki and Tsuneto Prog. Theor. Phys. 31, 945 1964 . We also consider the impact of nonzero temperature, study critical currents, and examine metastability and its limits in the temperature versus flow-velocity phase diagram. In addition, we comment on the effects of electron scattering by impurities.
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